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Ranjbar, M. Ravikumar, Jatin Nathwani a Ravikumar, S. Raymond, Nyer Razmi, A. Renn, Ortwin Richardez-Sandoval, L. Siddall, E. Soltani, M. Stebbing, J. Wallace, D Wang, X. Wen, J. Zanjani, Atefeh Maleki Zarabadi, A. Zhang, M. Zhou, Qian. Year any Keyword any " cosine similarity " LDA" " topic model" "Recommender system" -f 03C57 03D45 10aj 16 bg 17B65 17B67 nm Process Technology 18D05 18D99 primary 2-band buffering 2-band buffering system umweltrisiken systematisch erfassen kreditausfaelle aufgrund oekologischer risiken - fazit erster empirischer untersuchungen 3T3 Cells 40 hPa height 61 66 81 92 a stakeholder meeting of the Media Impact Screening Toolkit workgroup will be held to discuss the implications of our findings and to finalise our dissemination strategy.

Authors would like to thank Juliette Givelas and the article processing charge APC was funded by the Dhillon School of Business and the School of Environment and the decision to submit the protocol for publication. Competing interests None declared. Patient consent for publication Not required. SSM conceptualised the research and drafted and edited the protocol. JS drafted the protocol search strategy and edited the protocol. Poisoned Politics of Power Plants. Ontario Centre for Engineering and Public Policy.

Backcasting sustainable energy development strategy for Canada: Beyond energy security and financial risk. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy. Energy Crisis. Orange Chair Session. Does Ontario's Bruce nuclear deal make financial sense? Collaborative Energy Research. Sustainable Business Magazine , The Globe and Mail. Drafting a new architecture for energy. Globe and Mail. Jiang, Y. Helen, Levman, R. Predicting peak- demand days in the Ontario peak reduction program for large consumers.

In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Futuenergy systems e-Energy ' Retrieved from An Energy Revolution. Our Nuclear Future. PowerShift- A Revolution in Energy Access How do we bring energy to those in need without further damaging our climate to do so? How Ontarians can take power back from big energy plants. Indigenous communities must be part of the global green energy revolution. The Toronto Star. Their story resonates so much with me because it mirrors my own family situation: three sons and a daughter.

How did she carry on after sustaining such tragedy? As my sons and I travelled through Ypres, we visited one of the 1, cemeteries across Belgium and France which house the final resting places of hundreds of thousands of soldiers. The ages on the headstones in Ypres were frightening — almost all were in their 20s, and too many more were teenagers.

It was an appalling loss of an entire generation. The gate, in Ypres, was unveiled in and with the exception of when the Nazis occupied Belgium during the Second World War, it has featured the playing of The Last Post every night at eight. Nearly 7, of those names belong to Canadians and some even belong to Indians from South Asia or British West Indians, who were part of the Commonwealth military force. The names just never seem to end. Such concerns seem utterly trivial today. Sir Edward was so right.

The monument is simply mammoth, and unlike so many war monuments particularly in the United States , there is no glorification of war. My sons were pleased with the speeches by Governor-General David Johnston, Prince Charles, and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who got an enormous ovation from a crowd of 25,, overwhelmingly represented by high school students. He happened upon a group of students at a cemetery. Apparently they were all required back in Canada to research the names of various soldiers.

So by the time the arrived in Europe, they knew their subjects well. My daughter stayed home for this trip. But Zachary, Henry, and Teddy agreed it was an important and supremely meaningful experience. As we left Vimy after spending eight hours on a perfect, sunshine day unlike our boys a century ago who fought both the Germans and snow , we all realized how fortunate we are to be living in the Canada of today. And we appreciate the place it has in the maturation and myth-making of Canada.

When they arrived in Vancouver and left the plane, the passengers at the next gate appeared to be coming from a different world. Not for the last time in the pandemic, there was a gap between the official version and reality. Six agents on duty, zero screening, no masks, no sanitizer in site. This is as unsafe as it can get. Tam was trying to get the message out. It is impossible to keep tabs on every single traveller who comes in. This is a social phenomenon. This is a societal response and everybody must take that responsibility.

Public Health is going to do what it can. A passenger freshly landed in Vancouver after a flight from Mexico sent me a cellphone picture of the pamphlet he had received, which did not mention self-isolating. It remains a mystery why the measures announced by Trudeau and Bill Blair were not being implemented. Off the record, officials will only say they were overwhelmed. In Moncton, N. Guerrette was then working remotely for Distributed Bio Inc.

Guerrette, an Acadian from the northern New Brunswick community of Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska, became aware from online conversations with colleagues in Europe that the virus could be a dire threat. Guerrette and Cardy, the N. She was impressed by his pro-science approach and in particular by a bill he had tried to get passed requiring mandatory vaccination for all New Brunswick schoolchildren, a measure narrowly defeated in a free vote in the legislature.

As he and Smith worked on their report for the premier in February, Cardy leaned on Guerrette for help understanding some of the scientific concepts. They shared a sense that Canada was failing to get ready. And Dominic Cardy kinda knew that this could happen again and the best way was to act fast.

She organized a billboard campaign to encourage people to wear masks, which she considered protective, while Tam was still advising people against them. She convinced her boss, scientist Jacob Glanville, to do a video warning New Brunswickers to practise physical distancing, which she and Smith shared on social media.

She raised money to get protective equipment for health-care workers. The province put game wardens on the roads in makeshift roadblocks to give health advice to the returning snowbirds. Cardy and Guerrette tackled the problem at the Moncton airport. She went to the Canadian Tire in Dieppe, N. They printed pamphlets advising people to self-isolate.

The returning travellers needed to be told what to do, she said. Guerrette got some blowback. She endured social media attacks that still leave her bruised a year later and a country away. She is now working for a biotech company in Boston. Cardy, too, made enemies. Parents complained when he ordered students who had been out of the country on March break to stay home from school for 14 days.

Public health officials in New Brunswick opposed the measure, and Dr. Chris Goodyear, then the president of the New Brunswick Medical Society, said physicians did not believe the measure was rooted in evidence-based public health policy. Looking back, it seems strange. Tam was wrong, as were many public health experts.

On March 11, Steven J. The overreaction can actually cause more harm than the virus itself. For example, there are million children in China who are not at school.

Because of the stringent measures China took, that country has been largely free of the virus since March. In January, Chinese officials were urging citizens to wear masks, part of the successful national measures that suppressed the virus.

Until then, the research was unclear. Both Tam and the CDC were wrong. On March 15, I was thinking about writing an article calling for the cancellation of St. I emailed Fisman to ask his opinion. I noted the stories from Italy about young people partying and spreading the disease. But his answer to my question was careful.

Re St. But one can easily see how bars would be good for spread. He, too, was grappling with a strange new world. It should have been obvious that we needed to close bars, but we were both struggling to come to that conclusion.

So were our leaders. On March 13, Dr. Mike Ryan, an Irish doctor who has spent his career doing emergency medicine in the most difficult places in the world, discussed the necessary mindset during a WHO news conference.

Have no regrets. You must be the first mover. But the greatest error is not to move, the greatest error is to be paralyzed by the fear of failure. Looking back at the pictures Glen Canning took at Pearson airport, it is strange to see so many people without masks crammed together. There is no way of knowing how many people got infected in the crowded lines at Pearson, but likely a lot. And some of them likely died. A lot of highly educated, dedicated and motivated people failed to sound the alarm, and to heed it when others did.

It made me think of the disaster in Aberfan, a Welsh coal-mining town, where mine waste had been piled on top of streams on the hillside above the town. After a night of heavy rain, the pile of debris slid down the hill, where it crushed a school, killing children and five teachers. The tragedy was dramatized in an episode of The Crown , I later learned. But the part of the narrative that is less well-known is that the local council had complained for decades about the slag heaps, which repeatedly flooded parts of the village with dirty water.

But officials at the coal board, who were ultimately found responsible at a public inquiry, ignored the warnings, and so on Oct. The people who see the danger are, like the mythical Cassandra who warned the Trojans there were Greek soldiers in the wooden horse, ignored because they are not part of the group in charge. On March 29, , in the middle of a pandemic that had started during a world war, the Montreal Canadiens faced the Seattle Metropolitans in the Stanley Cup final.

The stage was set for Game Six, but it was not to be. Five Canadiens were in the hospital with the flu. Hall died a week later. Hall was one of about 50, Canadians to perish from the so-called Spanish flu, at a time when there were only 8.

It cut a horrible swath through Indigenous communities, who were vulnerable thanks in part to widespread tuberculosis and federal policies that left them malnourished and ill cared for.

And its second wave was worse. In , the Canadian government repeatedly seeded the flu by dispersing infected soldiers around the country without considering the consequences.

A hundred years later, as Canada inched toward the second wave of another pandemic, you could say much the same. Other programs followed for businesses and individuals. They were all criticized for various reasons, but the money kept the economy moving, preventing terrible deprivations.

In the ensuing months, Tam and Trudeau repeatedly called for provinces to take stronger action. The premiers of Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta mostly ignored those warnings, as well as the lessons of history, and the failure to suppress the outbreaks belongs to them. In late August, as Canadians visited gyms, bars, restaurants and shops, and schools geared up to reopen, the warnings from health experts grew more urgent.

So did their calls for investing in rapid testing and contact tracing. By Jan. There were an average of 9, new cases a day across the country, about 1, of them in Toronto. On the other side of the world, Melbourne, Australia, a city of five million, was heading into its tenth day with no new cases. Steven Lewis, the health policy professor at Simon Fraser University, has spent the pandemic in Melbourne and thinks Australia did better because its leaders were bolder.

Lewis, a long-time senior health policy professional from Saskatchewan, found himself in Australia when his partner got a job there. Australian leaders, he found, did not count on everyone taking responsibility for their actions, the approach taken by Canadian authorities early on.

Are we allowed to travel or not? And who defines unnecessary? Even some helping to make policy interpreted the advice loosely. She gushed about the luxurious experience on her style and beauty website, and posted about it on Instagram.

Baker expressed regret and, before long, announced she was leaving the government to pursue her dream of being a full-time social media influencer. Baker comes across as a sympathetic person on her style website, and her delight at riding a horse on the beach in beautiful Montego Bay is infectious. But she was travelling in the thick of the second wave, for non-essential purposes, while she had a crucial role in the white-knuckle business of managing travel during a pandemic.

She was not the most senior Canadian official to abandon her post to sneak away to a sun spot: Rod Phillips, the Ontario finance minister, decided to spend Christmas on posh St.

Before he left, he recorded a series of holiday greetings for scheduled posting online that suggested he was still in chilly Ajax, Ont. A number of those people lost their jobs. Some Canadian leaders in charge of protecting the health of the country obviously had other things on their minds. From the beginning, Australia responded more decisively, shutting down travel from affected areas and enforcing measures meant to control the spread of the virus, with fines and spot checks when necessary.

The state government in Victoria implemented a hotel quarantine order for out-of-country arrivals in March , 11 months before Canada took a similar step. The aggressive action worked in the first wave: Australia had 4, cases at the end of March while Canada had 8,—23 per cent less per capita. That difference only grew.

Tough action all but eliminated the virus from Australia within a month, while cases in Canada kept climbing. Australia had the pandemic under control until June the start of its winter , when sloppy private security guards at a quarantine hotel got infected, leading to hundreds of cases.

The virus spread through asymptomatic people attending family gatherings. The second wave was getting out of hand, relatively speaking, until the state government brought in a tough day lockdown in July, with most people confined to their homes—quite a feat in Melbourne, a city of five million.

By August, residents had to observe a curfew and stay within five kilometres of their homes, which they were only allowed to leave for essential purposes or for an hour or two of outdoor exercise.

Gyms and schools were closed. Restaurants were only allowed contactless delivery and takeout. Australian politicians were prepared to take dramatic steps.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison mused about making vaccination mandatory he later backtracked. Police in the state of Victoria issued more than 20, fines for COVID violations, which helped shut down transmission, although human rights groups complained the penalties were applied inconsistently, targeting more minorities.

That took political leadership. The Australians found the political will. Australia has lost Our disorganization and lack of political will means we got sicker and are poorer. They figured if we do it hard and we sustain it and we stick to our goals. Crucially, Australia broke with the advice of the WHO early on, imposing travel restrictions while Canada was still following advice from a body that critics think was unduly influenced by China.

Australian leaders were not afraid to act quickly and decisively. Canada was always behind the play. They still wait before they move to another level of lockdown. I was alone in my apartment, working on stories about the shooting rampage in Nova Scotia, struggling psychologically with the tragedy, frustrated at the distance, so I decided to move back.

The Atlantic provinces had restricted interprovincial travel starting in March, requiring most travellers entering the region to spend 14 days self-isolating, and discouraging internal travel during outbreaks. But after a two-week quarantine in a seaside cottage, I was delighted to roam freely in a jurisdiction where everyone wore masks without complaint in the supermarket although there was virtually no infection—two active cases in the middle of July.

Restaurants and bars were full. Real estate agents were overwhelmed with business from Upper Canadians seeking a seaside escape. The dark side, if you could call it that, was a certain nosiness—part of the social cohesion that kept the region safe.

One day, I stopped by the side of the road on St. She was friendly, and told me that was no problem. I had wandered into a campground, which she owned.

Everyone leaving or entering the campground was required, by provincial order, to register. I could look at her shed after I registered, she said. I agreed and followed her to the office, where I wrote down my name and number.

She then asked for proof I had self-isolated, adding that many people were dishonest about the quarantine. I declined to show her my travel documents, which I was not required to do, and left, both of us exchanging polite farewells through gritted teeth. In Prince Edward Island, some cars with out-of-province plates were vandalized by local quarantine enthusiasts. Cortland Cronk, a New Brunswick software consultant and marijuana nutrients supplier, moved out of the province after he travelled for work, was blamed for an outbreak back home, and criticized online.

Premier Stephen McNeil, who left office in February after presiding effectively over the pandemic, told me Atlantic nosiness may have been part of the success.

A November study in Nature Human Behavior that analyzed responses around the world found travel restrictions were among the most effective measures globally in curbing the pandemic in March and April , but Canadian politicians mostly declined to impose them. They faced pushback from voters who bridled at the prospect of being kept away from their cottages, which, after all, they own. The district that encompasses Simcoe-Muskoka, the beautiful cottage country north of Toronto population , , suffered deaths, compared with Nova Scotia population , , which lost just 65 people, almost all of them at one large long-term care home.

While Ford was telling Ontarians to go away and enjoy themselves on March break, McNeil was warning people they would have to isolate on their return. Nova Scotia and its Atlantic neighbours did a hard shutdown in the spring of I was closing them down. In November, it looked briefly as if Nova Scotia was in for a second wave. Cases started rising, as they were across Canada. McNeil and Strang had evidence the virus was spreading through asymptomatic customers in Halifax bars and restaurants, so they prepared to tighten restrictions.

Restaurant owners had a better idea. Gordon Stewart, executive director of the Restaurant Association of Nova Scotia, asked the province to shut them all down. On Nov. Instead of tightening the rules, they ordered indoor dining shut. The restaurants and bars lost their busiest season—they remained shut through the holidays—but when they reopened in January, they reopened for good. Former health minister Jane Philpott thinks it is better for businesses if governments lock down hard enough to eliminate the virus.

Arguments about the social and economic costs of lockdowns really only apply to lockdowns that fail. Lockdowns that work are ultimately good for the economy. As it turns out, in Nova Scotia, according to Stewart, restaurant receipts in January were at about the same level as January , before the pandemic hit. Eight nurses and two respiratory therapists work together to prone a patient at Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, on Jan. Heather Patterson.

There was a moment in the early fall, before the second wave, when provincial governments in most of Canada could have responded more decisively and shut down the virus. Canadians were flocking to malls and gyms and restaurants even as cases were starting to rise.

University epidemiologists urged leaders to act. Instead, governments took half measures. The second wave, like the first, arguably started in Quebec. In September, after a karaoke party at Bar Kirouac in Quebec City led to at least 72 cases, the province responded not by shutting bars but by banning karaoke, which led to angry complaints from bar owners. Their conservative premiers were among the first to ease restrictions in the spring and summer, and they were reluctant to close again later.

Manitoba, which often had no new daily cases in May and June, saw rapid spread start in August, settle briefly, then take off in September. Premier Brian Pallister made an emotional presentation to Manitobans in December, urging them to follow the rules. There were new cases that day. A month later, averaging new cases a day, Moe brought in tighter rules.

British Columbia did better than all but the Atlantic provinces in the second wave. It had a better strategy to protect long-term care homes and a stronger public health system than other provinces.

Green Leader Sonia Furstenau. In January, Horgan rejected calls to order self-isolation for travellers from out of province, which worked so well in Atlantic Canada.

Cases have now spiked there. Alberta had a miserable winter. By December, with 20, active cases, hospitals were filling up rapidly, and spillover field hospitals were being readied in Edmonton and Calgary. Premier Jason Kenney was forced to act, shutting down restaurants and gyms. Not everyone was happy about that. Allow curling like you did the NHL bubble! He was forced to pivot to talking about the grim reality in hospitals.

After some rural restaurants defiantly opened in late January, Kenney eased dining restrictions, too. He is at a new low in public opinion polls. In late February , there were rallies of unmasked anti-lockdown protesters in Edmonton and Calgary, some of them carrying tiki torches like those seen in the Charlottesville, Va.

In Ontario, Premier Doug Ford has likewise been caught between libertarians who hate lockdowns and doctors who blame him for being too slow to act. Ford ordered most of the Toronto area into lockdown in November, but it proved ineffective. While small businesses were closed, big box stores stayed open. The overall number barely budged after a Nov. Only when the province imposed a stay-at-home order in early January did those numbers drop, but just over 51 per cent were mobile.

In Montreal, city-wide data from Environics shows that restrictions enacted on Sept. The real difference-maker was a province-wide curfew imposed on Jan. The next week there was a 14 per drop. Alberta was an outlier; in Edmonton, Environics data reveals stubborn resistance to government instructions to stay at home.

What the analysis shows clearly is that curfews and stay-at-home orders were more effective at keeping people home than loose guidelines. The provinces west of New Brunswick had been too slow in the spring of , and they were too slow again in the fall.

McNeil said his province succeeded because he and Strang had established their credibility in the first wave, making the right moves at the right time. In mid-December, there was an outbreak at the same Cargill meat-processing plant near High River, Alta.

Alberta had shut the plant on April 20, hours before announcing the death of year-old Hiep Bui, an immigrant from Vietnam who had spent more than 20 years working there, picking bones from hamburger. Another worker, Benito Quesada, a year-old who immigrated from Mexico, died in May. His daughter, Ariana Quesada, filed a police complaint against the plant in January, alleging the company made it impossible for workers to do their jobs safely.

The RCMP is investigating. Here is a comparison from the other side of the country. On Dec. McNeil closed the plant and sent in staff to test all employees and as many people in surrounding communities as they could manage. The plant reopened 10 days later. In November, Andrew Morris became convinced that provinces were taking the wrong approach.

He argued in his weekly email newsletter for a more aggressive strategy: stopping interprovincial travel and restricting travel between regions within Ontario, creating COVID-free bubbles. The premiers did not take his advice. But these were decisions, right? These were absolutely decisions that were made to not try and control the virus. The inaction of the premiers had terrible consequences, and nowhere were they felt more than in long-term care homes.

The worst things that happened in Canada during the pandemic happened in long-term care homes in April The facts are so bad that it is normal to shrink from them, to turn the page. The facts are that many people died not of COVID but from dehydration, starvation, injuries or improper care.

The people in power in whom we entrusted care of our elders did not protect them from infection and then did not competently care for them when they were infected. All of us will die. Some of those who died in long-term care homes would have died before long. Their deaths were tragic not simply because they died, but because they died neglected, alone and suffering. Their loved ones were prevented by law from being at their sides to offer support or ease their path.

They died in circumstances that would cause public outrage if they were revealed in a livestock operation. It would be wrong to say they died in conditions like those in the developing world, because many people in the developing world do a better job of looking after their elders.

Juanita and Howard Robinson use a phone to speak with family gathered outside the window at their LTC home, on April 3, Juanita and Howard died within five hours of each other, on April 6, , in North Vancouver. Courtesy of Sharon Robinson. Many in the developed world do, too.

A report published in September by the U. By February , when most LTC residents across the country were vaccinated, more than 14, had died. If it were not for our failure to protect long-term care residents, about 7, deaths would have occurred in this country. Many of the deaths happened in Quebec and Ontario. Early in the pandemic, while other countries, and some Canadian provinces, were taking steps to protect LTC residents, their governments did not act effectively, even after the first grim signs of an unfolding crisis emerged.

The virus got in, perhaps brought in by a visitor or a staffer with what appeared to be an innocent sniffle. On April 11, a report from Dorval, on the West Island of Montreal, made it clear how bad things would get.



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